In
religion,
ethics, and
philosophy, the phrase, good and evil refers to the evaluation of objects, desires, and
behaviors across a dualistic
spectrum, wherein in one direction are those aspects which are morally positive, and the other are morally negative. The good is sometimes viewed as whatever entails reverence towards either
life,
continuity,
happiness, or
human flourishing, while
evil is given to be the support for their opposites. Depending on the context, good and evil may represent personal judgments, societal norms, or claims of absolute value related to human nature or to transcendent religious standards.
There is no consensus over whether either goodness or evil are intrinsic to human
nature. The nature of goodness has been given many treatments; one is that the good is based on the natural
love, bonding, and affection that begins at the earliest stages of personal development; another is that goodness is a product of knowing truth. Differing views also exist as to why evil might arise. Many religious and philosophical traditions claim that evil behavior is an aberration that results from the imperfect human condition (eg. "
The Fall of Man"). Sometimes, evil is attributed to the existence of
free will and
human agency. Some argue that evil itself is ultimately based in an
ignorance of
truth (i.e., human value,
sanctity,
divinity).
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